In the United Kingdom, the poor worked in poor conditions, and in India, people's dissatisfaction with the unfair cotton trade with the United Kingdom grew, as briefly described in [Relationship between cotton and people ④].

Prior to this, another global form of labor would emerge. This is the cultivation of cotton through the slave trade.

Cotton products produced in the Lancashire region of England were distributed throughout Europe and sold like hotcakes. The more they produced, the more they made. How to make more profit? The conclusion reached by British capitalists was slavery.

In Liverpool, England, a slave market was established and rapidly developed as a center for the triangular trade between the then British colonies of southern North America and West Africa.

In the Gulf region of West Africa, "strong men" and "fertile women" were gathered and sent to Liverpool, England, where the slave trade took place. Once priced, the slaves were loaded onto slave ships in poor conditions from the port of Liverpool, known as "black cargoes," bound for the southern part of North America.

If a large number of slaves are packed at once, the mortality rate of slaves upon arrival at the port of New Orleans in southern North America is high, and the supplier loses money. Conversely, if the "load" is small, transportation costs are more expensive. Determining this was the skill of the English traders involved in the slave trade.

The space given to each slave on the cargo ship is approximately 80 cm x 18 cm. In this environment, they are transported to the southern part of North America over a period of three to nine months. Initially, the mortality rate during the voyage was between 8 and 34 percent.

Crossing the Atlantic Ocean in a cargo ship during the Age of Discovery, when the slave trade was very active, was very dangerous. Slaves would be chained and packed so tightly that they could not move. To avoid wasting space, the slaves were laid out on the floor with their heads and feet alternating.

There are records that 414 slaves were loaded onto a ship about 30 meters long. Without sufficient food and water, many of the slaves died of fever and typhus, resulting in heavy losses.

After trial and error by British contractors, an average mortality rate of 13% was found to be the optimum value, and efficiency was measured.

It is estimated that at least 110,000 people were sent from West Africa to North America via Liverpool, England. Those who were separated from their families and relatives in West Africa would cultivate "white gold" in southern North America as an "ox-horse-like" existence.

Through this triangular trade, cotton grown in southern North America was exported to English textile mills. Capitalists' eagerness to make more profits by producing more cotton products became the driving force behind the Industrial Revolution. Centered in Lancashire and Liverpool, England became increasingly wealthy.

In the cotton fields of Georgia and Tennessee in North America, "blues" (melancholy) music was born to help people endure the hard labor. The lyrics vary in content, but the word "hard" (painful, difficult) is often used. It is said that after the hard labor in the cotton fields was over, they would gather in a hut with their friends, and a number of songs were born. In Japan, it was called "Negro spirituals" until a certain time.

By 1860, cotton grown in southern North America accounted for more than 80% of England's cotton demand. This amounted to a full two-thirds of the world's demand for cotton.

Cotton farmers in India are facing a difficult situation as they can no longer compete on price with the cheaper cotton grown by slave labor in North America.

The English textile mill owner expanded his cotton crop farm to the Carolinas in northern North America and continued to make huge profits.